Using Circuit Magic to calculate Norton Thévenin's & Norton's equivalents

Sample circuit shown below

Step 1 Remove branch connecting
node 1 and node 2.

Step 2: Solve circuit using Node
Voltage method.
Result shown below.
V₁=-10
V₂=0
V₃=-5
V₄=-5
V₅=0

Step 3.: Resistance calculation. Remove
All DC Voltage sources and branches
with current sources. And connect
node 1 and node 2 using the branch
with current source (current =1 A). (as
shown below)

Step 4: Solve circuit using node voltage
method.
V₁=-7,2727
V₂=4,5455
V₃=-3,6364
V₄=-0,90909
V₅=0

Step 5. Calculate resistance using
Ohms law.

ohms

Thévenin's equivalent

Resistors in Series & Resistors in Parallel

Series Connection
A series circuit is one with all the loads
in a row. Like links in a chain. There is
only one path for the electricity to
flow.


Parallel Connection
A parallel circuit is one that has two or
more paths for the electricity to flow.
In other words, the loads are parallel
to each other.

Norton & Thevenin theorem

Thé venin's Theorem

Any voltage network which may be
viewed from two terminals can be
replaced by a voltage-source
equivalent circuit comprising a single
voltage source E and a single series
resistance R.. The voltage V is the
open-circuit voltage between the two
terminals and the resistance Z is the
resistance of the network viewed from
the terminals with all voltage sources
removed from circuit.

Sample

All circuits are equivalent. Resistors
R₁,R₂, R₃ and voltage source are
transformed into Required Eq,

see parallel,
series simplifications.

To determine Eequ we shall break off
branch connecting node 1 and node
2

Norton's Theorem

Any current network which may be
viewed from two terminals can be
replaced by a current-source
equivalent circuit comprising a single
current source I and a single shunt
conductance G. The current I is the
short-circuit current between the two
terminals and the conductance G is
the conductance of the network
viewed from the terminals with all
branches containing current sources
are broken off.